A new drug, which has shown promise in treating multiple sclerosis is being reviewed for use in the US and Europe.
Multiple Sclerosis
Trials for the drug ocrelizumab revealed that it can slow damage to the brain in both relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
Multiple sclerosis is classed as an auto-immune disease where the body’s immune system targets the covering of nerves, called the myelin sheath. This causes signals to and from the brain to be disrupted. The damage to the brain leads to symptoms such as fatigue, blurred vision, and difficulty to walk.
The drug ocrelizumab works by reducing the amount of B cells in the immune system, which are involved in attacking the myelin sheath. This is in contrast to other multiple-sclerosis drugs which work by targeting the immune system’s T cells.
During the trials 732 patients with progressive multiple sclerosis were tested. Results showed that the percentage of patients that had deteriorated fell from 39% without treatment to 33% with ocrelizumab.
Speaking to the BBC, professor Gavin Giovannoni, who was involved in the trials said: "The results shown by these studies have the potential to change how we approach treating both relapsing and primary progressive MS. It's very significant because this is the first time a phase three trial has been positive in primary progressive MS."
Patients also had less brain loss detected on scans and took less time when needed to walk 25 feet.
However, whilst the drug is promising the cost of it is likely to be expensive, limiting the amount of people eligible for the drug, professor Giovannoni warned the BBC.
There are also associated risks and side-effects such as cancer and infection that can occur when weakening the immune system.